Impact Magnum Has Had On Photography Photography Essay

Impact Magnum Has Had On Photography Photography Essay Magnum Agency was created in the 1947 just after Second World War .Agency was formed by photographers themselves Henri Cartier Bresson, Robert Capa, George Rodger and David Chim Seymour. They created Magnum to show their independence as photographers but also as a people who highlighted not only what was seen but the way one sees it. After the destruction to the world as a consequence of the War they were scared but full of believes that the world survived and that is still more to be explored out there (Magnum in motion website). Furthermore the history of documentary photography show us the most accurate records of events that we have in the past and the documentary photography was used to capture almost everything such as terrorism and war, world events right to documenting peoples lives. Early stage of documentary photography focused on urban settings, industry and often artist used photography as a tool for social reform. For example Walker Evans and Dorothea Lange created images for Farm Security Administration (FSA) who documented workers and their lives in America and also how the depression had an impact on them. Lewis Hine exposed horrors of child labour, homelessness and immorality. These photographs helped to pass the Child Labour Law in America. In addition a lot of images produced during World War II were captured by Magnum photographers. Magnum ability of storytelling and to work in series drew a line between documentary photography and photojournalism. Often attached with a moral position on th e artist who belief to show the viewer the best understanding of his subjects live. Altogether this kind of photo essay or series of images are more powerful to conveying the message then the single image. Sebastiao Salgado probably the best documentary photographer joined Magnum agency in 1994 creating artistic meaningful documents of cultures, world issues and places that would be better remember before human take their action. Salgado has earned his high reputation from his black and white photographs of places and people from all over the world. His work is about showing the world the war effects, poverty, disease and famine. His work was evidence what was happening on our planet. However the Martin Parr photographs strongly contrasts from work of Salgado. Parr humorous images document contemporary society, for example the image of the tourist in Mexico show us a woman in pink shirt taking a picture of something that we cannot see. Martin Parr takes the over dressed tourist one step up. The woman is a contemporary simple person who aimed her camera the wrong way. Ancient pyramid full of cultural and historical significance becomes an excuse just to be there. Parr demonstrate lack t o cultural values and intellectual pursuits. Also he contrasts form, colour and scale of the woman on the washout stone pyramid to depict society little interests and intellectual curiosity. In 1938 the British magazine Picture Post announced Robert Capa the greatest war photographer in the world, mostly based on his photojournalistic work in the Spanish Civil War and on the war in China. Capas photography is all about being there, close, telling a story about events he witnessed. It was him who made blurred, visceral images of the D-Day invasion that became its symbols. (Magnum Stories, p.67-73). On the other hand Henri Crtier Bresson had a different point of view ,interested in finding a visual agreement that he later called the organic coordination of the elements seeing by the eye'(In Our Time: The World as Seen by Magnum Photographers).His photographs mostly emphasized the complexity of whole piece seeing itself and often avoiding a narrative. Furthermore he was creating a broad essay concerned with a countrys past and present during a period of rapid social change. Also he was fascinated by Gandhi and India. Bresson written notes about Gandhi dead and they reveal a narrative writer, eloquently involved with negotiating the issues of Indias society and history. Even though he was denying his interest in the formulas of photojournalism Bresson was nevertheless engaged with what the photo story involved (Magnum Stories, p.74-75). Today people love snapshots in USA alone we take 7 billion images a year but it is a sad fact that in most of them people are photographing each other. In a way we submit to anonymity for example names of builders of Notre Dame or the Cologne Dom were lost in that age of faith. However the 21th century is exact opposite because we are possessed by overweening sense of self. Every moment is captured and posted in albums, every wedding are choreographed and videotaped for future generations. Another rising distinction between a picnic shoot and a great photograph is not subtle. You can look at the image and stay passive while art photograph engages you and force your instincts to participate. Photographers often deal with harsh, ironical material thats why sometimes their scepticism is shown in their work. Nevertheless we were and we will be enriched by their vision, by the strength of the world that they stalked, searching for decisive moments. Some photographers adapted techniques fr om great Magnum artists and using them today. Although documentary photography today does not trying to improve the situation of people or help resolve problems is just trying to get best shot and it is nothing else behind while 60 years ago it was life changing profession. Today photojournalists barely are present at the events they cover. The function changed from realism to consequence. Also what we seeing today for example in war photography is meant to show us the impact of war not its devices. I would point out that days of war photographer are long gone because nowadays photojournalists are fulfil with their own imagination of telling a story for less than a large conflict or issues. Images move from one category to another over period of time for example press photography of crime in the 1940s has moved to the art books and museum, as also Dorothea Langes documentary photographs of migrants in depression era and Robert Capa war images. Therefore all that definitions are just the schematic and act as a help for descriptions. I believe that documentary photography emphasizes in depth ongoing story on the long term basis. Documentary projects often lasts for years and focus on social issues rather than news. Again documentary is mostly assumed to be subjective because photographer has a point of view on what he is about to photograph. Not only had that it also believed to be honest reporting from witnessed event. As Henri Cartier Bresson said as far as I am concerned, taking photographs is a means of understanding which cannot be separated from each other means of visual expression. It is a way of shouting, of freeing oneself, not of proving or asserting ones own o riginality. It is a way of life (Masters of Photography Aperture, p.8). Other, art photography is more about creating and expressing personal points of view which is done to be sold or hang in galleries. Nevertheless some of its art may deal with issues but they are usually already covered by photojournalism and documentary, such as famine and war. At the end of the day of course all photography is an interpretation of what is in front of the lens. Summarising, for todays generation of young photographers there is much more complex awareness to what is or is not possible to explain. Today, if you pictures arent good enough you might be too close then not close enough, as Capa said (Time article, 2002). All those years Magnum promoted abstracted generalized narratives about human condition and their photographs often aim to the almost iconic status to represent themes about humanity. Magnum and its members had a political impact; they were interested how they can use their cameras to examine political and social issues. They showed examples of suffering and human dignity, brutality of war and photographer braveness in witnessing. This raises an important thought of what can be learn from images is still important and Susan Sontag wrote in her essays that The knowledge gained through still photograph will be some kind of sentimentalism, knowledge at bargain prices a semblance of knowledge and wisdom(On Photography,p.23-24). Today we are still learning how world changed since Capa found Magnum. From its beginnings which truly marked the advent of photojournalism legendary figures like Bresson and Capa aimed to record the truest and most essential stories, moods of our time. The drama of war and despair in Eastern Europe, the wounded and the dead in brush fire wars around the world. Finally, the greatest change over taking stills images is an introduction to computer technology which allows to generate imagery that appears to be as realistic as photograph, without using a camera.

Persuasive Advertising Essay

Advertising plays an important role in our diverse, media-saturated world. It surrounds our everyday lives. It is in everything we do, whether we are looking for a number in the phone directory, taking a ride down a road, or watching TV. According to Jamie Beckett’s article in San Francisco Chronicle, â€Å"The average U. S. adult is bombarded by 255 advertisements every day–100 on TV, 60 in magazines, 50 on the radio, and 45 in newspapers† (Beckett). More recently, Advertising Age estimated that the average American sees, hears, or reads more than 5,000 persuasive ads a day, which means that there is almost nowhere we can avoid their presence. Today, ad agencies spend more than $300 billion in the United States and $500 billion worldwide on advertising. Therefore, we can acknowledge that advertising is created in a results-oriented perspective that will increase companies’ and organizations’ profits in the forms of purchases, donations, votes, joinings, etc. This perspective can be achieved by using manipulative and persuasive techniques in advertising that would get people’s attention. These messages appear in many formats–print and electronic, verbal and visual, logical and emotional. As Stuart Hirschberg wrote in his essay â€Å"The Rhetoric of Advertising†, â€Å"The most common manipulative techniques are designed to make consumers want to consume to satisfy deep-seated human drives. In purchasing a certain product, we are offered to create ourselves, our personality, and our relationships through consumption† (Hirschberg 229). Thus, we all become the targets of this form of persuasion that uses pathos, positive images, and/or deceptive language to influence our needs, interests, and decisions. The ad from Martha Stewart Living magazine shows its readers a new Honda CR-V automobile. Also, the company at the same time introduces its new campaign called the â€Å"Leap List† to the magazine’s primary audience that mostly consists of women ages 25 to 45. This campaign encourages people to make a list of the desired things they want to accomplish before the major event happens in their lives, such as the birth of their children. As we see, the ad is mostly aimed at younger consumers of the magazine who are looking for a better appearance of the car and new opportunities in their lives. The company offers to achieve these things with its new CR-V automobiles by using some of the aforementioned influential techniques, such as pathos, visual arts, deceptive claims, and weasel words in order to get viewers’ attention, establish credibility and trust, stimulate desires for the product, and the most important, motivate the audience to buy it. Pathos is the most powerful and effective tool in advertising. As stated by Hirschberg, â€Å"The emotional appeals in ads function exactly the way assumptions about value do in the written arguments. They supply the unstated major premise that supplies a rationale to persuade an audience that a particular product will meet one or another of several different kinds of needs† (Hirschberg 229). Due to the fact that human beings are initially emotional creatures who are more likely to be persuaded by emotions and feelings, and then rational by thinking and reacting, advertisers use both positive and negative emotional appeals to force and influence our minds. One of the ubiquitous emotional appeals in advertising is the use of the â€Å"you† word, which is supposed to address the message to each individual. In its ad, Honda uses the â€Å"you† word five times by making the ad more personalized and stressing consumers’ personal benefits from purchasing the company’s new car. In my opinion, Honda evokes positive as well as negative emotional appeals in its ad. There is an orange, bold title in the ad that says Before I have kids I want to and then there is an illustrated list of ten goals. It includes flying a plane, rock climbing, skyaking, sailing, running a marathon, learning to scuba, mountain-cycling, learning to pick the banjo, marching in a Mardi Gras parade, and taking up archery. As the viewer, I can say that this list catches my eyes because the goals in the ad are interesting and they make me feel enthusiastic and excited. In my opinion, Honda demonstrates our freedom and variety of opportunities that we can achieve by doing the things that we enjoy and like. After reading and seeing these examples, the audience starts to visualize its own desires and the ways of achieving their personal goals. The ad makes us feel motivated and excited about pursuing our dreams and wishes. On the other hand, the company persuades its readers to think and feel guilty of wasting their time and not achieving the things they want the most. That is why the company offers its all-new, 31-mpg-highway Honda CR-V that would deliver the potential buyers to wherever they want to go and whatever things they want to accomplish. In our modern world of technologies and computers, advertisers have recourse to artistic design, computer graphics, high-tech artistry, special effects, digital sounds, and computer animation that can help them to get various kinds of viewers’ attention. A study made by the University of Georgia has found that exposure to visual art in advertising, even if the exposure is fleeting, makes consumers evaluate products more positively. According to Henrik Hagtvedt, the artist and one of the researchers of this study, â€Å"Visual arts have historically been used as a tool for persuasion. It has been used to sell everything from religion to politics to spaghetti sauce to the artist’s image† (Hagtvedt). The same strategy can be observed in the Honda CR-V automobile ad that consists of many bright, positive images and bright colors. The color of the presented car is shiny Metallic Silver that typifies elegance, patience, modesty, and reliability. According to Pat Bertram’s article â€Å"What the Color of Your Car Says About You†, â€Å"People who drive silver vehicles have above average confidence about the course of their lives, and they also have consistent mood† (Bertram). Besides, this color is unisex and suits both females and males. Another visual attention-getting feature in the ad is tinted car windows. What is this for? In my opinion, advertisers make our eyes focused on the car itself rather than the interior or background and they try to accentuate the look of the vehicle. The tinted car implies the feeling of security and privacy that is becoming very popular in the modern society. Also, the direction of the car heading towards the illustrations of the goals from the Leap List emphasizes the company’s statement of helping viewers to achieve their aspirations. Another widespread element of reaching and influencing the audience is the use of weasel words and ambiguous language. Asking personal questions in ads shows us one of the deceptive techniques in language used in advertising. The question used in the Honda CR-V ad leaves its readers wondering about the answer. â€Å"What are you waiting for? † asks the ad, the question that viewers usually cannot answer. The tactic of asking the rhetorical question provokes curiosity and creates interests that make people think, desire, and visualize themselves having the product. Another kind of common deception in ads is the use of weasel words. The frequency of using the weasel words can be observed not only in politics but in advertising as well. According to Hirschberg, â€Å"Of all the techniques advertisers use to influence what people believe and how they spend their money, none is more basic than the use of so-called weasel words that retract the meaning of the words they are next to just as a weasel sucks the meat out of egg† (Hirschberg 232). As the target audience, we repeatedly see, read, or hear such weasel words as helps, free, virtually, like, new, as much as, faster, or better. These ambiguous words allow persuaders to say something without really saying anything and make us believe in the importance of purchasing their products. The ad in Martha Stewart Living magazine states that the company’s new technologically advanced, up-for-almost-anything new Honda CR-V automobile was built to help us check off every last item from our leap lists. By using the word â€Å"helps†, Honda offers a solution and aid to the consumers’ problems, but in reality the company promises nothing really concrete. So the word â€Å"helps† lets the companies escape from its supposed promises. At first sight, advertising seems to be relatively simple in structure, format, and availability, but its content and depth is complex. Hirschberg said, â€Å"Whether ads are presented as sources of information enabling the consumer to make educated choices between products or aim at offering memorable images or witty, thoughtful, or poetic copy, the underlying intent of all advertising is to persuade the specific audience† (Hirschberg 227). After reading â€Å"The Rhetoric of Advertising†, I learned that pathos is a very powerful and influential approach in advertising. I also started to analyze the details used in ads because all of them have different purposes. It is very helpful to know the techniques advertisers use to get our attention as well as the ways they apply the language and visualization. Personally, I started to pay more attention to colors that advertisers use in ads because each of these colors has its own definition and characteristic that can influence our perceptions of the images. As we may observe, advertisers do not waste any inch of the ad space on adding unnecessary information, but they also do not provide all specifics and features about their products. That is why, as the primary audience, we should be more skeptical and questionable of what we see and want to buy. In the ad created by Honda, we can see pathos, bright images, and claims that can attract the potential buyers’ attention. John O’Toole, the former president of the American Association of Advertising Agencies, believed that the consumers should be at the center of the process, and that the only kind of language either verbal or nonverbal effectively persuades the consumers as an individual. As discussed earlier, disclosing people’s desires and making the personalized ad makes this Honda ad from Martha Stewart Living magazine more attractive and memorable to the viewers. Advertisers also used the persuasive language that we can observe in the ad in the forms of weasel words and question claims. Overall, I found this ad well made and interesting to analyze because it consists of different influential and persuasive techniques that we can determine after reading Stuart Hirschberg’s essay â€Å"The Rhetoric of Advertising. †

Write about Yourself Sample Essays Reviews & Guide

Write about Yourself Sample Essays Reviews & Guide The Meaning of Write about Yourself Sample Essays You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the suitable style. The size needs to be such that it's readable. Take, by way of example, office workers in britain who spend 8 or more hours per day, 5 days weekly sitting before their computers. It is preferable to acquire professional writing assistance from the corresponding support. You might need to make an impression of expertise in the area by using specialized or technical language. An introduction is the surface of the applicant. Your message is going to be lost, and an opportunity could be missed. So, for instance, if you're writing about historic events or a social issue you don't only describe it. The problem has to be directly addressed in the start to find the reader's interest. Look through the list of topics with care and start making a mental collection of the evidence you'll be able to use on topics you prefer. Obviously, although your topic ought to be specific, it ought not be quite as obscure it is impossible to obtain any information about it. The Little-Known Secrets to Write about Yourself Sample Essays By listing proven facts at the very start of your paper, you will create interest that could be carried throughout the remainder of the essay. A self-introduction essay, since the name suggest, is a component of essay containing the simple details about the writer. If you're able to select your own topic, choose something you're interested in. Regardless of what's the objective of your essay, there's a preset number of points which you will be expected to h andle. Now that you know the four principal elements of a great thesis statement, allow me to give you more thesis statement examples. Assess the classification essay examples which you've encountered. Don't forget your introduction, the very first paragraph of an essay, needs to be short and catchy. The upcoming few paragraphs will compose most of your essay. Don't neglect to use a wide dictionary and respective lexical tools, which can help you to enrich the topic. Fortunately, it is possible to find everything that you have to have in our extraordinary library! It is preferable to get started writing as soon as you're assigned the job. One of the fundamental tasks of the application essay is to follow along with the directions. Give an intriguing fact about something you're likely to talk about in your essay's body and your audience may wish to keep reading if you want to find out more. The major question of all students who must compose a reflective or private essay is whether it's possible to produce such kind of academic paper without sounding too egotistical. Many students often realize that personal essays are the hardest to write since there's no evidence to back up your claims because there are in analytical essays. Narration is telling a story from a specific viewpoint, and there is normally a reason behind the telling. Remember an argumentative essay is based more on facts instead of emotion. Bear in mind that the period of your essay is based on the assignment offered to you. If you would like to succeed and know how to write a scholarship essay, it's also advisable to become acquainted with the most frequently made mistakes. Be certain to confirm the course out so you may write the very best personal essay possible. Write about Yourself Sample Essays - the Conspiracy Most significantly, a fantastic thesis statement produces a statement. The structure of private statement is much simpler. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned too. More examples can produce the paragraph longer.

The Federal Government - 1353 Words

The wonders of the federal government do diligences in keeping separation of power (Judicial, executive, and legislator) has developed in many ways since the forefathers wrote the United States Constitution. In its depiction through the judicial proceedings has led to reforming how commerce clause is viewed. Let us take the constitution as a road map. Interpreting its powers has also form how congress uses those same power when it comes to the digression of law making (Legislation branch). In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1895), Muller v. Oregon (1908), Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), National Labor Relations Board v. Jones Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937), and Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States et al. (1964), I will illustrate how they change the way in which commerce power is handle within the federal government. The case Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was a question of interstate regulation of steamboats and whether the license obtain to do just that between states. Interstate commerce at this time was to be interpreted since the main intention was to create a law everyone could abide. Having several states and different laws would only lead to a dysfunctions of federal government being that it dealt with New York and New Jersey. New York licensing law for out of state regulation of steamboats was invalid give that notion Chief Justice John Marshal stated that â€Å"interstate commerce was a power reserved to and by congress† Gibbons v. Ogden.Show MoreRelatedThe Government And The Federal Government867 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Government is the body of government that implements and administers public policy. The Federal Government Government execute all political powers. 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Case Study Layar - Mobile Augmented Reality - 5184 Words

University of Amsterdam – Business Studies International Entrepreneurship March – 2010 dr. Tsvi Vinig â€Å"Ubiquity First, Revenue Later† A descriptive case study on the entrepreneurial venue Layar B.V. Bendert Katier Studentnumber: 5927752 Bendert.katier@gmail.com http://twitter.com/BendertKatier 2 â€Å"Ubiquity First, Revenue Later† A descriptive casestudy in the entrepreneurial venue Layar B.V. Bendert Katier –†¦show more content†¦Big technology companies such as Intel, Apple and HTC are developing mobile- ­Ã¢â‚¬  phone software and services for the use of augmented reality services, and big retail companies use it for their marketing campaigns. Also multiple start- ­Ã¢â‚¬ ups are developing interesting applications that allow anyone to create tags for the real world. These days, anyone with a mobile device or a computer can tag physical structures and sites around the globe with informatory text, or multimedia content found on various other more ‘traditional’ web pages. One could for example point their phone at Dam Square Amsterdam, and see information pulled up from Wikipedia, photos taken there by users from F lickr, news related items or just find out what friends said about

Mechanics assignment friction Free Essays

This lab was based on projectile motion and it was to prove the theory that was covered in lecture 5 to be correct. When dealing with projectile motion, it is the theory that when an object has been fired from its starting point into the air, it will come under the influence of gravity and is attracted to ground with an acceleration of g m/s squared. In the lab a projectile launcher was used to project two steel balls, one in the horizontal direction and one in the vertical direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Mechanics assignment friction or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ball that was launched in the vertical direction was ball 1 and the ball that was launched in the horizontal direction was ball 2. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate projectile motion through the use of a vertical acceleration apparatus which shows the independence of vertical acceleration from the horizontal velocity. Projectile motion is a form of motion in which an object or particle (called a projectile) s thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, and it moves along a curved path under the action of gravity only. The path followed by a projectile motion called its trajectory. Projectile motion only occurs when there is one force applied at the beginning of the trajectory, after which there is no force in operation apart from gravity. Introduction: Part B Part B of the lab was on Tractive Forces. Tractive force means the force available at the contact between the drive wheel tyres and road is known as ‘tractive effort’ or tractive force’. As used in mechanical engineering the term tractive force can either efer to the total traction a vehicle exerts on a surface, or the amount of the total traction that is parallel to the direction of motion. The published tractive force value for any vehicle may be theoretical†that is, calculated from known or implied mechanical properties†or obtained via testing under controlled conditions. The example that was taken in the lab was of a train of 3 parts that were coupled together by couples (T 1) and (T2). The purpose of this lab was to prove the theory covered in lecture 6 was correct and to see the relationship between force, mass and cceleration in tractive forces which comes from Newton’s 2nd law. We know that force = mass x acceleration and we also were giving the conditions to which the train was under. Table 1, Part A: recorded and calculated data Measured time and distance for the vertical ball and the horizontal ball projected from projectile launcher. Test 1st Ball (vertical) 2nd Ball (horizontal) Distance (s) (m) Time of flight (t) 0. 5 0. 93 0. 6 1. 38 0. 4 0. 51 1. 46 0. 43 0. 56 1. 36 0. 35 0. 57 1. 34 0. 60 0. 68 1. 39 0. 0 7 0. 40 0. 54 1 . 45 8 0. 28 1 . 31 9 0. 30 0. 47 10 1. 32 Average values 0. 391 1 . 387 Table 2, part A: Calculated Horizontal velocity, acceleration due to gravity, the % difference in the value of gravity, and the Vertical velocity. Horizontal velocity (Vh) (calculated) 2. 57 rrvs Acceleration due to gravity, g (calculated) 6. 38 m/s squared % difference in the value of g -34. 96% Vertical striking velocity (W) (calculated) 3. 83 rms (Horizontal velocity) S = Vx T therefore S = 1. 39 = 2. 57 m/s T 0. 54 (Acceleration due to gravity) Sv = IJvT – 1 g(t)squared 2 Therefore = 2 (0. 93) squared T squared 0. 54 squared = 1. 86 = 6. 378 = 6. 8 rms 0. 2916 0. 2916 (% difference in the value of g) % difference = Calculated -g x 100 . 81 (Vertical striking velocity) V=U+GXT v = o + 3. 83571 v = 3. 83 rms Discussion part A =6. 38-9. 81 x 100 In this lab that was completed it was shown that the theory behind projectile motion is correct. It was proven that both balls came under the influence of gravity once they left the projectile launcher and that they were both attracted to ground. The two balls were launched from the same vertical height but the ball number 2 that was travelling in the horizontal direction travelled a further distance than ball number 1 in the vertical direction. Even though ball number 2 travelled a further distance the wo balls will hit the ground at the same time as they both come under the same force of gravity however this was not shown in our table 1 (Fig 1) because their was human errors such as, two people starting the stop watches at different times, the person pressing the trigger mechanism was releasing the balls faster sometimes than other times even though we would start the stop watches on the count of 3. The other factors that had to be taken into consideration is, if the projectile launcher was at any sort of an angle due to the work bench not been balanced or level or an even surface. However the readings that were taken were still very close to each other so experiment the initial velocity of each ball was O m/s. To calculate the acceleration due to gravity we manipulated the equation to find (g) gravity. When dealing with projectiles, we use the same equations as linear motion but the (a) for acceleration is replaced or substituted with (g) for gravity. The acceleration due to gravity was 6. 38 m/s squared. In theory this acceleration should have been 9. 81 m/ s squared but due to the human errors that occurred during the experiments there was a difference of -3. m/s squared these % errors came from miscalculating of the time taken for the balls to hit the ground and the distance travelled by the horizontal ball. When the steel ball number 2 is projected from the projectile launcher in the horizontal direction, the time it takes for the steel ball to hit the ground is independent of its initial horizontal velocity, the steel ball will continue to move in the hor izontal direction with the same horizontal velocity in which it was projected from the projectile launcher with because there is no acceleration so it stays at a constant velocity. The distance that the steel ball number 2 travels in the horizontal distance before it hits the ground is dependent on the time of flight and the horizontal velocity that it was projected with. Projectile motion only occurs when there is one force applied at the beginning of the trajectory, after which there is no force in operation apart from gravity, this was proven in the experiment as ball number 1 was let fall from a height with no other force applied and ball number two was projected with a horizontal velocity from the projectile launcher and both balls were attracted to ground as they came under the nfluence of gravity. We found the value of acceleration using the average vertical height in which the ball was projected from and used the average horizontal time in which it took ball number two to hit the ground as ball number two was projected with an horizontal velocity it still should hit the ground at the same time as ball number one does as there both under the same force of gravity. If our measurements and calculations were 100% we should have got an acceleration of 9. 81 m/s squared. The horizontal component of the velocity of the object remains unchanged throughout the motion. The vertical component of the velocity increases linearly, because the acceleration due to gravity is constant. It is important to note that the Range and the Maximum height of the Projectile do not depend upon mass of the projected body. The Range and Max Height are equal for all those bodies which are thrown by same velocity and direction. Air resistance does not affect displacement of a projectile; this is why we do not take the mass of the balls into consideration or the mass of any objects when dealing with projectiles. This experiment proves and supports the theory behind projectile motion to be correct. We do not take the mass of the balls or bodies into consideration when dealing with projectile motion as the air resistance does not affect the displacement of the projectile. The range and height are equal for all bodies which are thrown by the same velocity and direction. There was a small difference in calculating the acceleration due to gravity, this was because of the different readings and human errors that took place during the experiment. Both balls come under the influence of the same gravity and are attracted to ground and should hit the ground at the same time. In theory both balls should hit the ground at the same time, but because there were two people using stopwatches to record the times taking there was going to be a difference in the readings and calculation. The horizontal distance ball number two travels before it hits the ground is dependent of the time of flight and the horizontal velocity of projection. Ball number two will travel at the same horizontal velocity because there is no acceleration or any other force applied. The vertical component of the velocity will increases linearly because the acceleration due to gravity is onstant, so it picks up speed as it is falling from a height. 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Employment and Open Method of Co Ordination - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Employment and Open Method of Co Ordination. Answer: Introduction Treaty of Amsterdam of the year 1997 helped in introducing the concept of European Employment Strategy. European Council asked member states to chalk out multiannual programme in relation to employment. They were asked to provide with report pertaining to implementation. Open method of Co-ordination (OMC) refers to a policy making process of the European Union that was initiated by Lisbon European Council in the year 2000 (Borrs and Radaelli 2015). It does not give birth to that of the EU legislation and it is a method pertaining to soft governance. It helps in achieving convergence in relation to the European goals pertaining to policy areas that fall under competence of the Member States. The labour market strategy of that of the European Union helped in the process of dealing with discrimination based on different grounds like religion, sexual orientation and disability. This essay analyzes aspects of open method of co-ordination pertaining to the European Union. This essay also t alks about the measures that can be made use of by the European Union in tackling unemployment. Neo-liberalism is indicative of the economic policies that have spread in the last twenty-five years. On account of neo-liberalism, the rich countries have a tendency of becoming richer and the poor countries tend to become poorer. The working people conceive of neo-liberalism to be progressive as compared to that of the rightwing people. Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations wanted the abolition of that of government intervention in matters related to economic policy. The conditions prevailing in that of the European Union Labour Market improved in the year 2016 and in the first half of the year 2017 (Mattocks 2018). It has been found that the number of people who are in the employment amounts to around 235.4 million in the second quarter of the year 2017. The Europe 2020 strategy has emphasized that the employment target of that of 75 % would the within the reach. With the rise of the education, it has been found that employment has increased among that of the workers who are highly educated. It has been found that the medium along with that of the low-skilled workers recorded lower level of that of employment by around 0.4 percent and that of 0.9 percent respectively (Zeitlin and Vanhercke 2018). The recovery has helped in boosting both permanent along with that of temporary jobs and there are many employees who are working full schedule. Open Method of Co-ordination refers to intergovernmental means in relation to governance within European Union that is based on voluntary co-operation of the different member states. It is dependent on that of soft law mechanism like guidelines along with indicators. The other kind of mechanisms that are at work includes that of benchmarking along with sharing of the best practices. This shows that there exists no official sanctions for those who are laggard. The effectiveness of the method rests on peer pressure along with the process of naming and shaming. None of the member states wants to see themselves as the worst pertaining to a given policy area that makes them abide by the open method of co-ordination. OMC is a new instrument pertaining to governance within the European Union. The term was coined in the year 2000 but the method goes back to the 1992 Maastricht Treaty. The introduction of OMC helped in promoting social policies that are effective. This kind of governance was thought to be intrusive by that of the member states. The evolving priorities of European Union over the course of the years led to the evolution of that of the European Union (Bickerton, Hodson and Puetter 2015). In between the years 1975 and that of 1994, European Economic Community carried out different pilot projects that can help in combating exclusion. Community action pertaining to this area was being carried out owing to the lack of any kind of legal basis. Treaty of Amsterdam in the year 1999 highlighted the removal of that of social exclusion. Social Protection Committee was set up in the year 2000 in order to facilitate co-operation among that of the member states and the Commission (Benz, Corcaci and Wolfgang Doser 2016). The entire process was stream-lined and it was turned into that of single social OMC in the year 2005. Single social OMC was aimed at eradication of poverty and guaranteeing of sustainable pension system. It also provided high quality health care and that of long term care. OMC should adopt methodology of that of Lisbon Strategy in relation to adoption of joint political objectives (Paetzold and Van Vliet 2014). Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union ( TEFU) stands to be one of the two primary treaties of that of the European Union. It formed the basis of that of the law of the European Union and it set the scope of the European Union so that it could legislate. According to the Article 153 TFEU social inclusion can be achieved based on that of non-legal co-operation (Cheneval, Lavenex and Schimmelfennig 2015). Commission updated that of the Council Recommendation 92/441/EEC which laid out that the member states can carry out an implementation of a strategy that results in i nclusion of people who are not considered within the labour market. It wanted to lift more than that of 20 million people out of the state of poverty. In the year 2010, Commission launched the platform against that of poverty and there were certain key initiatives like assessment of the active inclusion strategy. After the year 2011, Annual Convention was responsible for bringing together stakeholders and the policy makers (Nicoladis 2015). The Commission also adopted two initiatives in the year 2013. Two further initiatives were also launched by the Commission in the year 2013. In the Social Investment Package of February 2013, Commission asked the member states to lay emphasis on the aspect of social investment in the people in order to invest in children so that they would be able to break away from that of the cycle of disadvantage. In the year 2013, commission presented proposal that can strengthen social dimension by responding to the calls of that of European Council. Social scoreboard acts as an analytical tool that can detect the development across that of European Union. Five key indicator in relation to this were unemployment, youth unemployment, number of the youth not associated with education, training, disposable income, risk pertaining to poverty rate and that of income inequalities (Ure 2015). Labour Market Strategy The year 1997 can be conceived of to be a great turning point and a new Article 13 was brought into that of the Treaty Establishing the European Community. It empowered the Council to take action so that it can deal with that of discrimination on different grounds like that of ethnic origin, religion, disability and that of sexual orientation (Mattocks 2018). In the year 2003 the article was changed by that of the Treaty of Nice that allowed the adoption in relation to various measures that were incentive. The directories that were adopted were that of Racial Equality Directive, Employment Equality Directive and that of Equal Treatment Directive (Maricut and Puetter 2018). It helped in the process of merging of that of previous directives that was dedicated to that of equal opportunities in relation to men and that of women. Comparative analysis pertaining to non-discrimination law in that of Europe highlights that directives have been able to enhance that of legal protection against the factor of discrimination within Europe (Taylor 2017). The labour market strategy of the European Union worked in the field of long-term unemployment and it helped in preventing labour market segmentation that helped in making employment secure. It focussed on increasing the participation of women in that of the work force and the elimination of the gender pay gap that remains high within that of Europe. The two commission proposals that helped in establishing in enhancing the element of equality are waiting for consensus in that of the Council. The directives were related to gender balance in that of company board and implementation of principle of equal treatment in between the people who are outside that of the employment field (Borrs and Radaelli 2015). In the April of the year 2017, Commission presented a proposal that talked about work-life balance for that of the parents. It acted as a deliverable of that of the European Pillar of that of the Social Rights. It revolves around sharing the caring responsibilities between that of men and the women (Benz, Corcaci and Wolfgang Doser 2016). In the December of the year 2002, Parliament along with the Council adopted the decision 50/2002/EC. It was instrumental in establishment of a community action that encouraged co-operation among the member states. It helped in combating the issue of social exclusion. Another programme that helped in combating discrimination was based on Article 13 (2). It helped in covering all the grounds as set in that of Article 13 and it excluded the conception of sex (Mattocks 2018). It was dealt in a different manner by gender equality programme of that of European Community. Women face economic disincentives in relation to that of labour force participation. The benefit system affects the decision of participation in labour market along with that of the hours of working. The disincentives pertaining to work can be high for that of the second earners. Compensated family-related leave can help in boosting the participation of female in that of the labour force (Ure 2015). Balanced use pertaining to leave entitlements (of men and women) have positive effect on that of the care responsibilities. Access to that of quality services like childcare along with housing can help in the process of social inclusion. Access to the element of affordable child care can provide the children with the best chances in their life. High quality health care is of great significance in living a healthy life and for the contribution in the society (Mattocks 2018). Inequality in aspect to health care can lead to illness and inability of working. Job creation schemes that target the medium along with long term unemployed can help in aspects of perverse employment effect on that of short-term unemployed. These schemes can prove to be more stable and can help in te aspect of cost-effectiveness. Training has immense amount of positive long term effect. Vocational training can prove to be suitable for different kinds of reasons and it can help in the better matching of that of skills. Certified vocational training can assist an individual in the effective transition from that of education to work (Maricut and Puetter 2018). The reformation in relation to employment protection legislation is very intense in those countries that have accumulated imbalance. These includes countries like that of Spain, France, Portugal and Slovenia. Single status law helped in harmonising the notice period between that of blue along with that of white collar worker. Italy enacted a labour market reform that was in form of Jobs Act (Ec.europa.eu 2014) .The revision of labour cost in Lithuania helped in the reduction of cost of that of individual dismissals. Netherlands also brought in a cap in relation to unfair dismissal that helped in providing clarity in relation to dismissal (Nicoladis 2015). Community funding programmes in the year 2007 in the arena of that of employment along with social affairs underwent integration to form a single framework. For rationalising aspect of administration, Employment and Social Innovation programme helped in incorporating Progress Programme. The Council was responsible for adopting Regulation ( EU) Number 223/ 2014 for those people who were the most deprived. This fund helped in providing material assistance along with that of social inclusion measures to the people who were the most deprived. Budget of the period 2014-2020 amounted to that of EUR 3.8 billion in that of the real terms (Zeitlin and Vanhercke 2018). An additional 15 % was also levied in relation to national co-financing based on that of the national programmes. The main fund was provided by European Social Fund that helped in co-financing actions. It helped in combating the element of discrimination and helped the disadvantaged people for accessing the labour market. European Disability Strategy was adopted by the Commission on the basis of the Action Plan of 2004-2010. New programme pertaining to gender equality was launched within the year 2016-2019 (Bickerton, Hodson and Puetter 2015). The resolutions of recent times embodied the concern of The Parliament that the European Union was a long distance away from achieving the social targets. The Parliament has asked for a fiscal consolidation that can allow the member states in tackling the issue of unemployment (Nicoladis 2015). Social scoreboard now comprises of additional indicator like that of child poverty level along with that of homelessness. The parliament has stated that the employment along with the social considerations can be put on the same level with that of macroeconomic consideration within that of the European Semester (Nicoladis 2015). The active labour market can only be successful if certain measures are implemented. Counselling along with job-search assistance can be used in case of short-term employment. Vocational training, motivation courses along with that of social support can help in the process of addressing needs of job seeker (Ec.europa.eu 2014) .Subsidies can be provided to the group that is disadvantaged and hey can have a positive influence on the attitudes of the employers towards that of long-term unemployed (Benz, Corcaci and Wolfgang Doser 2016). It can provide an opportunity for the employers to test the employees that are prospective at a cost that is lower than that of full wage. Conclusion: Treaty of Amsterdam brought in the concept pertaining to European Employment Strategy. The member states of the European Council were asked to plan a multi-annual programme related to employment. The time interval between the years 1975 and 1994 witnessed the European Community implementing pilot projects that helped in facing the issue of exclusion. Single social OMC primarily aimed at the removal of poverty and it guaranteed a pension system that was sustainable. High quality pertaining to health care was also facilitated with the help of this method of co-ordination. Strategy of Europe 2020 focussed on aspect pertaining to sustainable growth. Recommendation suggested by the Council helped in integrating those people who were left without a job for a long time. European Solidarity Corps was aimed at the creation of new avenues that can offer help to the young people. Leaves that are compensated can help the female population in participating within the labour force. The balanced us e pertaining to leave entitlements can have positive effect in encouraging the participation of women in the job sector. Counselling and vocational training can be of great help for the job seeker in seeking employment. The open method of co-ordination gave rise to various job creation schemes that helped in targeting those who were unemployed in the long term. Training also facilitated the process of social inclusion and vocational training can help in upgrading the skills of the employees. References: Benz, A., Corcaci, A. and Wolfgang Doser, J., 2016. Unravelling multilevel administration. Patterns and dynamics of administrative co-ordination in European governance.Journal of European Public Policy,23(7), pp.999-1018. Available at : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2016.1162838 [Accessed 10 April 2018] Bickerton, C.J., Hodson, D. and Puetter, U., 2015. The new intergovernmentalism: European integration in the post?Maastricht era.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,53(4), pp.703-722. Available at : https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcms.12212 [ Accessed 10 April 2018] Borrs, S. and Radaelli, C.M., 2015. Open method of co-ordination for demoi-cracy? Standards and purposes.Journal of European Public Policy,22(1), pp.129-144. Available at : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2014.881412 [Accessed 10 April 2018] Cheneval, F., Lavenex, S. and Schimmelfennig, F., 2015. Demoi-cracy in the European Union: principles, institutions, policies.Journal of European Public Policy,22(1), pp.1-18. Available at : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2014.886902 [ Accessed 10 April 2018] Ec.europa.eu (2014). [ebook] Available at: https:////ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/file_import/european-semester_thematic-factsheet_employment-protection-legislation_en.pdf [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Ec.europa.eu (2014). [ebook] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/file_import/european-semester_thematic-factsheet_labour-force-participation-women_en.pdf [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Maricut, A. and Puetter, U., 2018. Deciding on the European Semester: the European Council, the Council and the enduring asymmetry between economic and social policy issues.Journal of European Public Policy,25(2), pp.193-211. Mattocks, K., 2018. Co?ordinating Co?ordination: The European Commission and the Culture Open Method of Co?ordination.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,56(2), pp.318-334. Available at : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2017.1363271 [Accessed 10 April 2018] Nicoladis, K., 2015. Epilogue: the challenge of European demoi-cratization.Journal of European Public Policy,22(1), pp.145-153. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2014.886908?journalCode=rjpp20 [Accessed 10 April 2018] Paetzold, J. and Van Vliet, O., 2014. EU Co?Ordination and the Convergence of Domestic Unemployment Protection Schemes.JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies,52(5), pp.1070-1089. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcms.12139 [ Accessed 10 April 2018] Taylor, G., 2017. European employment policy: governance as regulation. InEuropean Governance(pp. 81-98). Routledge. Available at : https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9781351938570/chapters/10.4324%2F9781315255941-13 [Accessed 10 April 2018] Ure, O.B., 2015. Governance for learning outcomes in european policy-making: qualification frameworks pushed through the open method of coordination.International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training (IJRVET),2(4), pp.268-283. Available at : https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/142455 [ Accessed 10 April 2018] Zeitlin, J. and Vanhercke, B., 2018. Socializing the European Semester: EU social and economic policy co-ordination in crisis and beyond.Journal of European Public Policy,25(2), pp.149-174. Available at : https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13501763.2017.1363269 [ accessed 10 April 2018]